Resection of the apex of the tooth root - indications, stages of treatment, contraindications

Methods of modern dentistry are aimed at preserving the dental unit. Removal is resorted to as a last resort if gentle treatment techniques are ineffective. Resection of the apex of the tooth root (apicoectomy) is a microsurgical intervention for excision of tissue affected by infection with part of the injured tooth root. The operation is performed if the inflammation has taken the form of a cyst or granuloma. The main condition for the success of such a surgical intervention is the timeliness of the patient’s visit to the dentist. If the pathological process spreads to most of the root, the tooth will have to be removed.

Indications for surgery

Poor endodontic treatment leading to inflammation of the root apex;
the presence of a cyst, granuloma or other neoplasm, no more than 1 cm in diameter;
perforation of the root walls during filling;
pin or stump inlay in the dental canal;
obstruction of the dental canal due to a congenital developmental defect;
a crown or bridge placed on a tooth.

So what should we do with it?

There are always several options for developing a situation.

Nothing to do

An option for the curious is not to treat and see how it ends. It won't be boring, I promise. Whatever one may say, periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that will manifest itself sooner or later. As long as the immune system is in order, there will be a chronic phase, which may practically not manifest itself at all, showing itself only as weak sensations of heaviness, fullness, discomfort and unpleasant sensations when biting on a sore tooth. The chewing habit reflexively changes to avoid impact on the problem area, which can lead to damage to the jaw joints from improperly distributed load.

As soon as the immune system stops considering this place the most important and turns its attention to something else, for example, with a common cold, periodontitis of the tooth will go into the acute phase of inflammation - pain, swelling, and temperature immediately appear. The immune cells of the granulation shaft around the root no longer keep the microbes in check, the microbes joyfully rush beyond their habitat, eating bone tissue and actively multiplying - pus accumulates in the jaw bone under the tooth, which needs to go somewhere - either under the gum (flux or periostitis with colossal swelling of the cheek, which requires serious surgical intervention - and this is still a favorable outcome) or in adjacent anatomical areas, which leads to immediate hospitalization and long treatment, there are even fatal cases. There have been many cases of deaths from untreated teeth. And this is in the 21st century!

Conservative treatment

It consists of eliminating infection from the tooth canals, read in more detail in the article “I will not remove the treatment - where to put a comma?”

Radical surgical

Ruthless removal of a tooth from which an infection occurs, scraping out the altered tissue. No tooth - no problem. Only then do you need to decide how to restore the lost combat unit.

Tooth-preserving operations

A conservative surgical treatment option that allows you to remove inflammation while preserving the tooth. These include resection of the root apex, hemisection of the tooth, and root amputation.

When surgery is not performed

Like any other surgical intervention, apicoectomy has limitations and contraindications. These include:

Mobility of teeth II-IV degrees;
destruction of the crown part of the tooth (more than 50%);
the presence of cracks in the affected root;
severe curvature of the root canal (impossible to fill);
crowding of teeth, which does not allow identifying the affected root;
acute infectious, viral disease;
severe bleeding disorders;
decompensated diabetes mellitus;
severe immunodeficiency;
oncology in the active stage.

Some of the limitations to root resection are the indication for removal of the affected unit. The second part refers to general contraindications to any surgical intervention. The risk of surgery for the patient is assessed individually.

The specialists at the Ilatan Clinic make every effort to save the dental unit, if possible. But if there are direct indications for removal, for example, extensive damage to dental tissue, the doctor will not suggest apicoectomy.

When do you need a doctor's help?

Does your tooth ache for a long time after root resection? If discomfort persists for more than a week, you should consult a specialist. Discomfort may indicate the development of complications and concomitant diseases. Reasons to visit a dentist are also:

increased body temperature,
severe swelling of soft tissues,
neoplasms on the gums,
white plaque on the oral mucosa,
putrid odor from the mouth,
loosening of the dental unit,
sensation of a foreign body in the mouth,
numbness of the cheek or lip.

There is no need to wait for the problems listed to disappear. These symptoms are typical for many diseases, so you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. It is easier to eliminate any problem at an early stage.

Resection stages

Formation of access
- the dentist cuts through the gum, exposing the jaw bone. Forms a small hole in the bone tissue (in the projection of the root apex), gaining access to the pathological focus. Often, the bone tissue has dissolved in the projection of the cyst; there is no need to cut out a hole.
Excision of tissues and correction of the apex
- the doctor removes the source of inflammation along with the dead apex of the root, cutting it off perpendicular to the upper dental axis (to the level filled with the filling mass). The empty space is filled with osteoplastic material (bone volume is restored faster).
Suturing
- suturing the wound area is sometimes performed with the installation of drainage for the outflow of ichor. Drainage is installed between the seams and is removed after 1-2 days.

Root resection takes 40-60 minutes, depending on the location of the tooth. It is easier to intervene on canines and incisors than on multi-rooted units.

Operation procedure

Tooth preparation. The root canal is filled at least two-thirds. If this is not possible, intraoperative retrograde filling is performed.
Anesthesia. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.
On the jaw at the location of the transitional fold, an incision is made to the bone. The mucosal flap is opened and peeled off using a special spreader.
Using a cylindrical or spherical nozzle, the outer bone wall is removed.
Having exposed the root tip, it is opened to the level of filling with filling material, which is easily identified by the white dot in the center of the cut.
The bone cavity is thoroughly cleaned of granulomas, granulations, foreign bodies, and filling material.
The sharp edges of the bones are ground using a milling cutter.
Resection of the tooth root is carried out at the level of the bottom of the cavity. This is necessary so that the root section does not protrude. If necessary, retrograde filling of the canal is performed.
The cavity is filled with a bone substitute and covered with a special membrane.
The cut flap of mucous membrane is returned to its place, the wound is sutured.
A pressure bandage is applied to the operated area for half an hour and cold is applied to minimize the manifestations of swelling and hematoma.
After three to four months, the surgical site is overgrown with full bone tissue.

Recovery period

The entire operation lasts about an hour, the recovery period takes up to six months or more, depending on how quickly the bone tissue regenerates. In the first 1-2 days after the surgical procedure, the patient is bothered by moderate pain, swelling, and redness of the gums. After 3-4 days, the unpleasant symptoms decrease and the condition improves. To ensure that the postoperative period passes quickly and without problems, the doctor will give the necessary recommendations for care, prescribe painkillers, as well as a short course of antibiotic therapy.

How much does the operation to remove the apex of a tooth root cost in Moscow and the region?

The cost of the service depends on the chosen clinic, doctor, and the need for additional dental procedures. On average, the price of resection of the apex of a tooth root and removal of a cyst “on a turnkey basis” costs from 8,400 rubles. This cost includes anesthesia, initial and re-examination. In any case, the money invested in such treatment pays off in the health and preservation of the tooth.

Sign up for a personal consultation with a dentist at the Zuub clinic, where you will receive qualified assistance for the symptoms described above. Don't wait for the right moment - consider it to be now. Waiting for you!

Care after tooth resection

Do not chew on the operated side.
Until the wound heals, avoid irritating, solid foods (food should be warm and soft).
Do not use a hard toothbrush, aggressive pastes, or mouthwash.
Take antibiotics prescribed by your doctor to prevent infection.
Rinse your mouth after eating with an antiseptic solution.
For the first week after surgery, limit physical activity to moderate, and exclude extreme, contact sports.
Do not visit the bathhouse, swimming pool, sauna until the wound is completely healed.
Avoid eating too hard foods until the bone is completely restored (at least 3 months).
Visit your surgeon regularly to evaluate the results of the operation.

Postoperative care

Most dentists agree that immediately after resection it is necessary to apply a tightening bandage to the operated jaw. Swelling of the gums and lips is inevitable in any case, but such a preventive measure can minimize the risk of large-scale hematomas.

The dentist’s work is virtually completed; after instructing the patient on further actions, the patient can be sent home.

Apex resection requires extensive, comprehensive outpatient treatment and care. As a rule, dentists prescribe:

Apply ice constantly for the first 24 hours after surgery. Again, the goal is to reduce swelling and prevent bruising;
take antibiotics orally for five days to avoid the formation of a source of infection;
Take painkillers and anti-inflammatory tablets for 2-3 days, which will help speed up healing;
Rinse your mouth with antiseptic gels or, the old fashioned way, with soda for 7-10 days;
for the first 3-4 days, refrain from any physical activity, so as not to provoke the sutures to separate;
for a week and a half, provide the tooth with minimal temperature fluctuations (baths and saunas, too hot and ice-cold drinks are prohibited);
for at least a month, or better yet for a quarter, exclude spices, alcohol, and solid aggressive foods (nuts, crackers, garlic) from the diet;
use soft brushes and pastes for a quarter or two .

It may seem that resection of the apex of the tooth is too complicated a procedure. This is partly true, but practice and patient reviews show that correctly performed surgery and proper care give amazing results: the likelihood of relapses in the first 10-15 years is minimal, and the tooth can fully function even longer.

Possible complications

Root resection is a micro-operation, the purpose of which is to preserve the full functionality of the affected tooth. Usually, the risk of complications is minimal, but they cannot be completely excluded. Sometimes the following complications are possible:

Bleeding due to injury to nearby vessels;
infection of a postoperative wound;
recurrence of cysts, granulomas (if all affected tissues were not removed);
perforation of the maxillary sinus, nasal passage;
damage to the nerve passing along the alveolar ridge;

Sometimes complications are caused by structural features of the jaw, for example, the proximity of the roots to the maxillary sinus. Complications caused by non-compliance with medical recommendations include swelling and tissue inflammation. Ignoring advice on limiting physical activity is fraught with the development of bleeding, and failure to maintain hygiene can lead to wound infection.

What are the possible complications?

During the operation, damage to nearby anatomical formations is possible - blood vessels, sinus nerves, roots of neighboring teeth, therefore such operations are not performed on teeth closely adjacent to them. Due to the fact that the tooth root becomes much shorter - in the future it may become mobile; for the same reason, teeth after resection are rarely considered as a support for orthopedic structures. If after resection you still have to remove a tooth, installing an implant in this area may be difficult due to the reduced potential of the bone to heal.

The most correct decision would be to prevent the development of pulpitis and periodontitis. Treat your teeth on time!

Cost of tooth root resection

The price of root resection is determined depending on the volume of surgical intervention, the cost of consumables, and anesthesia. The result of the procedure fully justifies the money spent. After all, it is cheaper than removal with further implantation and prosthetics. The doctor will tell you exactly how much tooth resection costs after examination and diagnosis.

What is root apex resection?

The procedure involves surgery, the purpose of which is to remove part of the tooth root affected by the infection. During resection, the upper part of the root and cyst-like neoplasms are excised. Also, in most cases, there is an abscess and compaction of the tooth root near the cyst. They need to be treated, since the development of these pathologies can affect not only the tooth, but the entire body. So, headaches, sinusitis, and general weakness may occur. Resection is carried out if the infectious inflammation cannot be eliminated through the dental canal. At the World of Dentistry clinic, this procedure is performed by top-level specialists using the latest generation equipment and effective anesthetics.