Pain after treatment and tooth extraction

Posted by Marbery Gedrean | Checked by: Shteba Victoria Petrovna | Last revised: April 20, 2022.

Tooth extraction is not the most pleasant procedure for a person. But there are times when it cannot be avoided, because if a damaged tooth is not removed in time, it can spread the infection to other teeth and gums. And then the consequences will be much worse than simply removing 1 tooth.

Complex tooth extraction is performed under anesthesia; the doctor makes an injection into the gum or into the nerve that innervates the teeth. After which you need to wait until the anesthetic takes effect, and only then the doctor begins to remove the tooth.

Pain after tooth extraction

After the tooth is removed and the anesthesia wears off, the patient may experience minor pain, which usually goes away quickly. However, sometimes 1-3 days after surgery a sharp pain appears in the area of the socket of the extracted tooth .

Taking analgesics does not bring relief. This pain most often occurs due to disruption of the normal healing process of the tooth socket. In addition, the pain may be caused by the remaining sharp edges of the socket or by an exposed area of the alveolar bone not covered with soft tissue.

Indications for removal of eighth teeth

wisdom teeth
begin to grow much later than other permanent teeth, as a result of which they often do not have enough space in the jaw. Lack of space provokes all sorts of curvature of roots and crowns. Doctors advise removing such molars. Here is another list of problems that may require extraction:

A pronounced tilt of the figure eight towards the seventh tooth or cheek.
Hypercementosis (excessive deposition of secondary cement, in which the tooth root thickens and becomes deformed).
Incomplete eruption of the tooth or its location in the bone (retention).
Destruction of the crown or roots of the figure eight, as well as neighboring teeth (after injury or caries).
Granuloma (granulation in the form of cystic sacs with pus located in the periodontium).
Rotation of the tooth around its axis or horizontal position (dystopia).
Deformation of the roots (they can bend in every possible way, even twist into a spiral or form an angle of 90°).
The close location of the roots of the upper eights to the nasal maxillary sinuses.
In the presence of pericoronitis (an acute inflammatory process in the area of the eruption of the figure eight, accompanied by pain and an increase in ESR in blood tests).

An incorrectly growing 8th tooth can compress the facial nerves and provoke neuritis, which is expressed by sharp pain radiating to the ears, neck, temple, and can lead to facial paralysis.

Alveolitis

Inflammation of the walls of the socket.

In the initial stage of alveolitis, an intermittent aching pain appears in the socket, which intensifies while eating;
The general condition is not disturbed, the body temperature is normal;
The tooth socket is only partially filled with a loose, disintegrating blood clot.

With further development of inflammation:

The pain intensifies and becomes constant;
Transmitted to the ear, temple, corresponding half of the head;
The general condition worsens, malaise and fever appear.

Prevention of complications

Tooth extraction is a radical measure when other treatment methods have proven ineffective. To avoid long subsequent recovery, you must follow your doctor's recommendations.

In the first hours after the procedure, do not smoke or eat. These are important rules that many people ignore, which leads to infection in the socket.

On the day of tooth extraction, do not actively rinse your mouth.
This may damage or flush out the blood clot that helps the socket heal. Do not drink alcohol until the wound is completely healed. Alcohol increases bleeding. Avoid strenuous physical activity, and visiting public places such as swimming pools and lakes is also prohibited. It is impossible to warm up the injured jaw area, so in the first week do not visit the sauna, bathhouse or take a hot bath.

Limited osteomyelitis of the tooth socket

Inflammation of the bone tissue in the area of the extracted tooth :

in the socket of the extracted tooth , and pain occurs in the adjacent teeth;
Weakness, severe headache;
Body temperature is 37.6-37.8°C and above, sometimes there is chills;
Loss of sleep and performance;
The bottom and walls of the hole are covered with a dirty gray mass with a fetid odor;
Touching the gum is sharply painful;
When you tap adjacent teeth, pain occurs;
The perimandibular soft tissues are swollen, the submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged, dense, painful;

The symptoms of acute inflammation last 6-8 days, sometimes 10 days, then they decrease, the process passes into the subacute and then into the chronic stage.

The pain becomes dull and weak;
General condition improves;
Body temperature normalizes;
After 12-15 days, the tooth socket is filled with loose, sometimes protruding pathological granulation tissue, which, when pressed, releases pus.

Please note that pain relief during a complication does not mean that the process has begun to heal; perhaps it has entered a chronic, more dangerous stage. As a rule, the surgeon schedules a follow-up examination for the patient after removal; ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY!

Normal and signs of complications

Since tooth extraction is a full-fledged surgical operation, pain is inevitable. During the removal process, nerve endings and blood vessels are injured, bone is injured, so pain in the gums is inevitable.

The following course of the postoperative period is considered normal:

aching pain (no pulsation, shooting);
every day the pain becomes less;
In the first three days, swelling in the area of removal may increase, and from the third day onwards it subsides. After the removal of the lower wisdom teeth, it may be difficult to open the mouth due to swelling or facial asymmetry - this is also normal;
body temperature is normal or elevated on the first day after removal;
there is a blood clot in the socket on the first day, on the second day there is a white or grayish film, which is replaced over time by new mucous membrane;
The gums at the site of removal are red on the first day, and then, every day, they become less swollen and acquire a normal pale pink color.

The strength and severity of all these symptoms depends on the complexity of removal. If a tooth was removed due to periodontal disease, and this tooth was already mobile and its root was 1/3 in the bone, then after removal, the patient may not experience any discomfort on the first day. If the tooth was deep in the bone, and to remove it it was necessary to make an incision, saw out or bite off part of the bone, saw the tooth into pieces and take it out piece by piece, and then apply sutures, then the pain will be normal even within a week.

What symptoms indicate that the healing of the hole is not going properly and there are complications?

The pain does not decrease every day, but remains at the same level or intensifies;
the nature of the pain is pulsating;
in the area of the extracted tooth, the gums are red and painful to touch;
swelling of the mucous membrane increases (as well as along the transitional fold or in the cheek area);
the appearance of bad breath;
elevated temperature.

If inflammation in the socket progresses after removal, this situation is called alveolitis. Such inflammation can occur both due to the fault of the doctor and the fault of the patient.

The dentist may accidentally leave part of the root of the tooth being removed or a movable fragment of bone in the socket, may leave part of the cyst capsule, and may also not control the process of formation of a blood clot. There are cases when, after removal, the gum does not bleed and the socket is dry - the doctor must ensure that the socket is filled with blood, and if there is none, with special preparations to protect the bone.

Through the fault of the patient, alveolitis most often begins due to non-compliance with recommendations:

active rinsing (as a result of which the clot is washed out and unprotected bone remains);
eating hot food and drinking on the first day or lifting weights (also leads to increased pressure and removal of the clot from the socket);
non-compliance with prescriptions (refusal of rinses, antibiotics or other prescribed therapy).

In addition, there are situations where complications after removal are associated with general health. With reduced immunity (due to taking corticosteroids, diabetes, leukemia and other diseases), blood clotting and resistance to infections are impaired - all this can cause alveolitis. If you have complex systemic diseases, you need to warn your doctor about them.

Sharp edges of the alveoli

Socket pain can be caused by protruding sharp edges of the socket, which injure the mucous membrane located above them. Pain appears 1-2 days after tooth extraction , when the edges of the gums above the socket begin to approach each other.

The pain intensifies during chewing and when touching the gums;
When you feel the hole with your finger, a protruding sharp edge of the bone is detected, and a sharp pain occurs.

This pain can be distinguished from the pain of alveolitis by the absence of inflammation in the socket area and the presence of an organizing blood clot in it.

Treatment methods

The choice of a specific treatment method depends on the cause of the problem and the complexity of the situation as a whole. An integral part of therapy in this case is the use of appropriate medications - antibiotics and vitamin complexes, designed to facilitate the rehabilitation period. It may also be necessary to antiseptically treat inflamed tissues and place medicine inside the socket to fight infection.

Treatment of alveolitis Treatment of this disease involves complete cleansing of the socket from inflamed tissue, antiseptic treatment of the cavity, followed by placement of a medicinal product inside. Such compresses can be carried out either one-time or consist of a course of several procedures - it all depends on the severity of the inflammatory process. Additionally, antibacterial drugs and oral baths with antibacterial agents are necessarily prescribed, which promote tissue restoration.

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Treatment of facial nerve neuralgia An unsuccessful tooth extraction can lead to facial nerve neuralgia. Often the problem manifests itself in the form of minor inflammation of the nerve, which is accompanied by numbness in a certain part of the face. To solve the problem, drug therapy is carried out using anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant drugs, as well as physiotherapy and electrical stimulation. Surgery can be performed to restore the integrity of the nerve, but this is a last resort and is usually necessary in advanced stages.

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Toothache after caries treatment

Constant pain after filling can occur for many reasons. A common cause of discomfort is the application of an insulating lining made of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and filling on the same day with a composite. The polymerization times of GIC and composite differ, which can result in displacement of the gasket and its pressure on the pulp.

If the pain is short-term in nature as a reaction to cold, sour or sweet and quickly passes after removing the irritant, it may be due to the fact that during the treatment there was a mechanical effect on the pulp. After 2-3 days, the pulp will return to normal functioning and the pain will stop.

If you experience pain when biting, you need your dentist to grind the filling to fit your bite.

Causes of pathology

Dry socket may cause pulsation in the gums

Unfortunately, dentists are not always able to save a tooth. There are certain indications for which surgical intervention, called extraction, has to be performed.

In this case, the reason for the appearance of pulsation in the periodontium may be the following:

features of the condition of the dentition and free-standing units;
development of a purulent inflammatory focus in the oral cavity;
volume of manipulation performed;
the presence of additional periodontal tissue diseases: periodontitis, periodontal disease, gingivitis;
features of the location of the diseased tooth;
patient's age;
overdeveloped root system;
degree of tooth crown destruction;
psycho-emotional state of the patient.

But the main reason why throbbing pain appears in the gums is trauma to the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity during extraction. With the normal course of the wound surface, all manifestations should almost completely disappear after 24-48 hours.

Painful symptoms due to extraction injury occur for the following reasons:

violation of the integrity of the ligamentous apparatus holding the tooth in the alveolar process;
injury to blood vessels and nerve fibers;
mechanical pressure on the walls of the hole;
temporary expansion of the infection zone;
reducing the effective effect of the anesthetic;
discomfort associated with injection anesthesia.

Traumatic tooth extraction in the upper jaw

Headache due to complications arising after dental intervention

Many patients experience headaches after visiting the dentist. Various factors can contribute to the appearance of pain symptoms:

The appearance of complications that manifested themselves during dental treatment;
Intolerance and allergic reactions to the use of drugs;
Contraindications to tooth extraction;
The appearance of a specific odor in the place of dental treatment;
The presence of inflammation of the tissues of the oral cavity;
The presence of swelling of the oral tissues;

Most often, pain occurs in several places. They begin in the jaw and gradually spread throughout the head. Painful sensations can be either sharp or aching. Complications after going to the dentist may depend on the presence of certain diseases in the patient:

Very often, pain appears in patients suffering from diabetes. The headache may last for a long time;
Ear disease, which can progress during dental treatment and cause headaches;
Delay in contacting a specialist, which results in severe diseases of the teeth and gums, which are accompanied by painful symptoms of the head;

After symptoms of complications occur, you must go to the hospital to prescribe effective treatment. The occurrence of headaches may be due to the progression of certain dental diseases. Such as:

Periodontitis – aching pain occurs in the temporal parts of the head;
Alveolitis - severe pain occurs that begins in the jaw area;

Ways to eliminate the pain reaction

All medications are prescribed individually. The doctor selects treatment methods only after examining and establishing the cause of the problem. However, some aspects of pain management are suitable for everyone.

They are as follows:

Immediately after surgery, it is recommended to apply a cold compress to the cheek. If ice is used, it should be applied through a thin cloth. It is necessary to observe the time regime and not to overcool the well.
Start rinsing on the second or third day after surgery. The best antiseptic solution is regular baking soda and salt. To prepare it, take half a teaspoon of these components and thoroughly dissolve it in boiled water at room temperature. Rinse 3-4 times a day, especially after meals.
If there is an inflammatory process, the doctor must start antibacterial drugs. Amoxiclav, Sumamed, Biseptol have a good effect. These medications are taken even after all symptoms have subsided. It is important to follow the course prescribed by the doctor.
At home, if throbbing pain occurs, antiseptic irrigation and oral baths are indicated. The most commonly used are Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, Rivanol, Rotocan, Stomatofit, Iodinol. The price of the drugs is insignificant, but their high effectiveness has been proven in practice many times.
If the unpleasant sensation increases, painkillers such as Analgin, Diclofenac, Ketanov are indicated. You should not use antispasmodic drugs, as they have a completely different effect and are not able to help in this situation.

Antiseptic solutions for rinsing the mouth for inflammation of the socket

To prevent the development of a pain reaction, it is necessary to adhere to the following recommendations:

after tamponade of the hole, the gauze pad must be kept in the oral cavity for half an hour;
do not eat for 3-4 hours;
it is necessary to keep the blood clot in the socket and protect it in every possible way for about a day after extraction;
It is forbidden to apply dry heat to the cheek, take a bath, visit a sauna, or use hot antiseptic solutions;
for three days you should not eat spicy, too sour, salty or hard foods;
avoid hypothermia of the wound if removal occurred in winter;
You should not use alternative medicine to relieve pain, as they can lead to purulent complications;
hot drinks and alcohol are prohibited;
Avoid contact of the wound surface with household items.

It is important to follow all dentist recommendations for oral care. After the tooth is removed from the alveolar process, traditional cleaning can be carried out two days later.

If the pain reaction increases, you should not take painkillers endlessly. It is better to contact your dentist for help as soon as possible, and do not use any medications, including analgesics, during the next few hours of your visit. During this period, only the application of cold to the area where the operation is performed is allowed.

Sometimes it happens that after surgery the gums pulsate and the tooth that is located next to the removed one hurts. The reason for this manifestation could be injury to the pulp tissue in the “neighboring” tooth, if its roots were located very close to the roots of the exposed unit.

As a result, the vascular-nerve bundle of fibers that enter through the apical foramen in the area of the root apexes and nourish the pulp tissue is damaged. In this case, the tooth will have to be opened and treated according to the type of acute pulpitis.

How to get rid of pain at home

To eliminate postoperative pain, the dentist will prescribe analgesics and cold compresses on the side of the intervention. Additionally, you can use traditional methods - mouth baths made from tinctures or herbal decoctions. Baths with an antiseptic drug are also allowed (the solution must be held in the mouth for a while and spat out). What is strictly forbidden:

warm the operated area;
rinse your mouth intensively (you can wash out the blood clot);
chew on the injured side;
“check” the hole using your tongue, fingers, and apply medicine to it.

The risk of complications depends on the complexity of the operation to remove a dental unit. Simple extraction is carried out if the tooth does not have strong, intertwined roots, it is intact, and there are no associated problems (cysts, pulpitis, periodontitis, etc.).

Extraction of dystopic teeth, which are very crooked, have intertwined, crooked roots, with a destroyed coronal part, and with an inflammatory process, is considered difficult. In such cases, a more extensive operation may be necessary with a preliminary incision in the gum, sawing the tooth into elements, extracting fragments through a hole in the jaw bone, and applying sutures. Molars are usually difficult to remove. If your gums hurt for several days after the removal of a molar, but the painful symptoms are smoothed out, then the wound is healing normally.