The term “heartburn” usually refers to a burning sensation in the chest or throat, usually accompanied by a feeling of bitterness in the mouth. Typically, such an unpleasant condition occurs soon after eating.
However, the duration of a heartburn attack can vary significantly: the discomfort can last from a couple of minutes to several hours. In the latter case, painful sensations come “in waves,” either subsiding or resuming with renewed vigor.
When carrying a child, heartburn is a fairly common phenomenon, provoked, among other things, by physiological changes in the body and the release of new hormones into the blood that are still unfamiliar to the body. According to statistics, about 80% of expectant mothers experience the described ailments. Most often, symptoms of heartburn during pregnancy occur in women in the second trimester of pregnancy.
What causes heartburn during pregnancy?
Heartburn during pregnancy occurs due to hormonal changes.
In general, many different factors can provoke heartburn. If we are talking about a patient who is “pregnant,” the root cause of this disease will most likely be due to the current stage of pregnancy.
However, several general points can be identified that adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract of the expectant mother, regardless of the actual trimester:
- Changes in hormonal levels. Progesterone, actively produced by the body of any pregnant woman, designed to relax the muscles of the uterus and prevent its hypertonicity, similarly acts on the sphincter, which prevents the contents of the stomach from entering the esophagus. The said body ceases to perform its functions properly, which leads to quite predictable consequences. The feeling of heartburn in this case is a completely natural reaction of the nerve endings to the entry of “inappropriate” gastric juice into the esophagus.
- Increased intra-abdominal pressure. In this case, heartburn is also the result of gastric juices entering the esophagus. However, this time the reason for the dysfunction of the sphincters between the organs is their compression. A similar effect occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy as a result of significant enlargement of the uterus.
- Digestive dysfunction. Changing the level of hormones in the body inevitably affects the functioning of all organs of the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, under the influence of progesterone, the acidity of gastric juices can increase, which in itself can cause discomfort in the sternum. In addition, the process of digesting food in the body of a pregnant woman requires much more time than it would take if we were talking about a patient who was not “pregnant.” Thus, by eating the dishes that are familiar to her, the expectant mother almost always dooms herself to an upset stomach, often accompanied by heartburn.
Under the influence of one or more of the factors described above, a pregnant woman may feel a burning sensation and pain behind the sternum or in the esophagus, as well as detect other characteristic signs of the described disease.
In particular, these include sour or bitter belching, excessive salivation, accompanied by a desire to cough, nausea and, finally, bloating. As mentioned above, the manifestation of such symptoms during pregnancy is absolutely normal, although it causes some discomfort.
There will be no particular harm from heartburn either for the expectant mother or for the fetus she is carrying. Therefore, if a woman showed signs of this disease only during pregnancy, she does not necessarily need to visit a doctor about this. She can get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of heartburn on her own.
Bitterness in the mouth - what does it mean?
The main cause of a bitter taste in the mouth is the reflux of bile into the esophagus, which occurs when the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract are not functioning properly. Bile is a digestive fluid that is produced by liver cells and accumulates in the bladder. Here it is not only stored, but also “ripens” and acquires a full acid-salt composition. After “ripening,” the bile enters the duodenum, where it initiates the digestion process.
Bile secretion has a characteristic bitter taste. Healthy mature bile has a certain composition. In addition to acids and metal salts (sodium and potassium), the secretion contains proteins, phospholipids (fats for building cell membranes), cholesterol, chlorine and calcium ions. An unbalanced composition of bile leads to the precipitation of salts. This is how clots, flakes, sand and stones form in the gallbladder. They impede the outflow of secretions, forming stagnation in the bladder and ducts. In addition, the cause of stagnation is often a spasm that accompanies stress and nervous experiences (fear, hostility, anger, hatred).
Against the background of stagnation, the release of new bile continues, which tends to enter the bladder. The human liver secretes up to 1 liter of bile secretion per day. This creates pressure, which forcefully pushes the stagnant secretion, throwing it into the stomach and esophagus.
How to treat heartburn in pregnant women?
Heartburn during pregnancy can occur from poor nutrition.
Since heartburn at each individual stage of pregnancy occurs under the influence of a unique set of factors, when choosing the appropriate treatment, you should be guided, first of all, by information about the current trimester of gestation.
For example, in the early stages, expectant mothers usually suffer from the described disease due to non-compliance with basic nutritional standards.
At the same time, in the third trimester, heartburn occurs solely due to the “unsuccessful” location of the fetus in the uterus.
It is clear that fighting the manifestations of these two fundamentally different types of disease using the same methods would, at a minimum, be ineffective. How exactly it is worth treating heartburn at one or another stage of gestation is described in detail below.
Food poisoning and bitter saliva
Foodborne toxic infection is very often accompanied by a taste of bile due to general toxicosis of the body and malfunctions of the digestive system. This includes vomiting bile and bile reflux. Often, after poisoning, a person temporarily lacks appetite. Food does not enter the stomach, and bile, despite this, is produced by the liver around the clock. It stagnates and some of it is thrown into the stomach and esophagus.
It takes time to normalize the functioning of the digestive tract after the symptoms of poisoning disappear. Then the unpleasant taste sensations will pass.
Treatment of heartburn in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy
If you have heartburn in pregnant women, you need to consume more dairy products.
The main cause of indigestion and, as a consequence, heartburn in early pregnancy is an incorrectly selected diet.
Excessively spicy and fatty foods, an excess of fried foods, and the lack of a basic nutritional schedule will almost certainly lead to a burning sensation in the esophagus, gradually turning into nausea and vomiting syndrome. How to deal with this?
Practice shows that in order to get rid of heartburn that occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, it is usually enough for the expectant mother to start adhering to some simple rules governing food intake. So, for a woman bearing a fetus it will be useful:
- switch to fractional meals;
- review your diet, choosing lean meat, dairy products and fresh vegetables;
- learn new methods of preparing your favorite, but not very healthy dishes using a double boiler;
- completely give up “harmful things” like carbonated drinks, sweet mineral water or coffee;
- get rid of the habit of washing down food, which is dangerous for the stomach, replacing it with thorough chewing of food.
With the onset of the second trimester of pregnancy, the expectant mother should continue to adhere to these simple rules. Among other things, she will have to forget about overeating. The fact is that, as the baby grows in her womb, a woman may feel the desire to gradually increase the amount of food she eats.
However, this feeling is deceptive and even dangerous. After all, the larger the fetus becomes, the more intrauterine pressure “jumps” and, accordingly, digestion slows down. Of course, all of the above does not mean that a pregnant woman should go on a strict diet and generally limit herself in every possible way in food. An acceptable way out of the situation would be to switch to more frequent meals, but with reduced portions of food.
Treatment of heartburn in the third trimester of pregnancy
In the third trimester of pregnancy, you need to follow a special diet.
In the later stages of pregnancy, heartburn is usually a consequence of an incorrect breech presentation (buttocks down) of the fetus.
This happens if a woman is expecting several children at once, or when the only child turns out to be too large.
In both described cases, the baby’s fully formed head puts pressure on the mother’s diaphragm, causing the latter discomfort in the sternum or even pain.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely get rid of this kind of heartburn until the baby is born. But it is quite possible to significantly alleviate attacks of the disease by following the previously discussed diet and basic daily routine.
In addition, there are several additional “secrets”, knowledge of which will help reduce the frequency of heartburn exacerbations to a minimum. The essence of all the methods described below is to, if possible, reduce the pressure on the internal organs of a pregnant woman:
- Shortly before giving birth, a woman should completely update her wardrobe. So, the clothes of the expectant mother should be loose, not restricting movement and not constricting. Correct posture and well-chosen body position during rest and sleep will help reduce the outflow of gastric juice into the esophagus. For example, before getting into bed, a pregnant woman should place several pillows under her head and shoulders to keep her upper body elevated.
- Following a diet is the best prevention of heartburn. Fractional meals in small portions throughout pregnancy are highly likely to help avoid this disease altogether. If it is difficult for the expectant mother to adhere to a strict eating regimen, at least she should still remember one rule - any food less than three hours before going to bed is taboo! The digestive process in pregnant women generally occurs with some complications, so making it even more difficult with an afternoon rest is strictly prohibited!
If the expectant mother feels an urgent need to lie down soon after eating, this must be done in a strictly defined manner. Thus, it is believed that sleeping on the left side with your knees bent and a pillow placed between them does not have such a negative effect on the digestion process as “lying down” rest in any other positions.
Some foods, such as papaya, have a soothing effect on the stomach and therefore can be excellent tools to combat heartburn.
At the same time, other foods, such as baked goods, animal fats, as well as sour fruits and berries, only cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the mentioned organ by stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid, so it is better to completely avoid eating it.
Medical causes of metallic taste
If a metallic taste appears in the mouth, this may indicate illness. Their list is very extensive. To make it easier to classify, diseases can be divided into two groups: dental and non-dental.
Diseases that lead to a metallic taste, which are systemic in nature and are not associated with teeth and gums, are as follows:
- diseases of the ENT organs (sinusitis, otitis, laryngitis, etc.);
- lung diseases (pneumonia, tuberculosis);
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, cholecystitis);
- diseases affecting the nervous system (sclerosis, tissue tumors);
- anemia due to deficiency of iron or B vitamins.
It is not uncommon for a metallic taste to accompany diseases that develop in the oral cavity. These include:
- stomatitis (the mucous membrane of the oral cavity becomes inflamed, which is often accompanied by the formation of small ulcers);
- gingivitis (inflammation of the gums);
- periodontitis (the disease appears as a result of advanced gingivitis, when the infection no longer affects the external tissues, but the periodontium);
- glossitis (formation of plaque on the tongue, its inflammation).
Another common cause of taste associated with the oral cavity and dentistry is the installation of crowns and dentures. The appearance of a taste in this case is normal, provided that it goes away within 1-2 months. A sign that adaptation to the structure in the mouth has not occurred is unpleasant sensations in the form of tingling of the tongue, burning, and a feeling of dryness.
